Learning MediaUnderstanding the media leads to something that brought / forward the information (messages) between the source (its message) and the recipient. Are all forms of media and channels that can be used in a process of presenting information (AECT Task Force, 1977:162) (in Latuheru, 1988:11). Robert Heinich et al (1985:6) suggests the definition of the medium as something that carries information between the source (source) and receiver (receiver) information. Still the same viewpoint, Kemp and Dayton (1985:3), suggests that the role of media in the communication process is as a sender (transfer) that transmits messages from the sender (sander) to the receiver of the message or information (receiver).Jerold Kemp (1986) in Private (2004:1.4) suggested several factors that are characteristic of the media, among others:
a. ability in presenting a picture (presentation)b. size factor (size); large or smallc. color factor (color): black and white or colord. factor of motion: stationary or movinge. language factor: a written or oralf. factor of the relationship between image and sound: a picture only, sound only, or a combination of picture and sound.
In addition, Jerold Kemp and Diane K. Dayton (in Personal, 2004:1.5) suggested the classification of media types as follows:a. print mediab. media exhibited (displayed media)c. Overhead Transparencyd. sound recordinge. sound slides and film stripsf. multi-image presentationg. video and filmh. computer-based learning (computer based learning)The term media here in terms of usage, as well as the benefits and special functions in the activities / learning process, then used the medium of learning. Learning media are all tools (aids) or objects used in teaching and learning activities, with the intent to convey a message (information) learning from the source (teacher or other source) to the recipient (in this case study students or residents).Message (information) is conveyed through the media, in the form of content or teaching materials must be received by the receiver of the message (the students), by using one or a combination of several tools of their senses. Even better yet if all that has capable of sensing devices can receive the contents of the message (Latuheru, 1988:13).In general, the presence of media emerge due to the limitations of words, time, space, and size. It added that the media serves as a means of learning that is able to convey the message as well as facilitate the recipients of the message in understanding the content of the message.
Of the several explanations of media on learning, it can be concluded that the media is a tool of learning, a variety of components or materials used in teaching and learning activities to deliver a message from its message to the recipient of the message to enable the recipient to receive a draft.B. Function and Role of the Media LearningThe presence of instructional media as a medium between the teacher as the sender information and recipient information must be communicative, especially for objects in the visualization. In learning science, especially concepts related to the universe more visually prominent, so that if one only knew the word that represents an object, but does not know the object is called verbalisme. Each medium has the privilege according to characteristics of students.Selection of appropriate media to the characteristics of successful students will further assist teachers in learning. In detail, the media function allows students to see objects that exist but difficult to see with the naked eye through the medium of drawing, portrait, slide, and the like resulted in students getting a real picture (Degeng, 1999:19).
According to Gerlach and Ely (in Arsyad, 2002:11) characterize a viable educational media used in the study are as follows:1. Fixative (fixative properties)
Learning media has the ability to record, store, preserve, and reconstruct an event / object.2. Manipulative (manipulative property)
Incident that took days can be presented to students within two or three minutes with the technique of shooting time-lapse recording.3. Distributive (distributive property)
Allows a variety of objects transported through an integrated display and simultaneously object can describe the same condition on the students with the same relative stimulus experience about the incident.From the above explanation, concluded that the use of instructional media is media that is capable of displaying a series of events actually happened in a long time and can be presented in a short time and an event described must be capable of transferring the actual state, so it does not cause the verbalisme.Teaching and learning process can work well if students interact with all the tools senses. Teachers have tried to portray the stimulus (stimulus) that can be processed by the various senses. The more sensing devices used to receive and process information, the greater the likelihood the information is understandable and can be maintained in memory of students. Students are expected to be able to receive and absorb easily and well the messages in the material presented.Student involvement in learning activities is very important, because of the kind described by Edgar Dale (in Sadiman, et al ,2003:7-8) in the classification according to level of experience from the most concrete to most abstract, in which participation, observation, and direct experience provide an enormous influence on students' learning experience received. Submission of a concept to students will be delivered properly if the concept requires that students be involved directly in it when compared with the concept that only involve the students to observe.Based on the above, then the use of instructional media is expected to provide a more concrete learning experience to students, and can increase the activeness of students in learning as an example of an interactive computer learning media.C. Theory of Media DevelopmentDevelopment of electronic communication, bringing major changes in education. One thing to avoid is the assumption that the position of teachers will be replaced by electronic devices. In the presence of electronic communication, increasing the importance of teacher attendance. The changing role of teachers and teacher functions associated with the attempt to solve one problem of education is, (1) by freeing teachers from the classroom routine that much, (2) equip teachers with the techniques of the most high-quality skills, (3) the development of presentation classes with an emphasis on personal service as much as possible in each subject, (4) develop teaching selected based on the ability of individual students. From the above explanation about the new role of teachers in education is expected to improve the quality of education, so the use of a variety of instructional media will replace the couple of teachers instructional function (Sulaeman, 1988:24-25).Development of instructional media is based on three models of development that is a model of procedural, conceptual models, and theoretical models. Procedural model is a model that is descriptive, which outlines the steps that must be followed to produce the product. Conceptual model is an analytical model that specifies the components of the product to be developed and linkages antarkomponen. While the theoretical model is a model that shows the relationship between changes in events.Based on the dikemukan above, the development of interactive computer-assisted media that developed following the procedural from the ASSURE model, in which steps should be followed by a descriptive nature that consists of 6 steps of the analysis of student characteristics, goal setting, media selection and materials, material utilization, participation of students to be active in learning, evaluation / revision. While the conceptual model of media development follows a computer-assisted learning theory proposed by Gagne behavior that is learned by man can be adjusted and modified to develop certain forms of behavior in someone, or enhance capabilities, or change his behavior (Nasution, 1988: 131), so learning media are developed based on "Programmed Instruction". In connection with the use of "Programmed Instruction" as a concept developed media, then the theory of learning appropriate to the character of "Programmed Instruction" is the theory of learned associations, stating that the relationship between stimulus and response. These relationships will be stronger if often repeated and the correct response given a compliment or other means that provide a sense of satisfaction and pleasure (Nasution, 1988: 132).
a. ability in presenting a picture (presentation)b. size factor (size); large or smallc. color factor (color): black and white or colord. factor of motion: stationary or movinge. language factor: a written or oralf. factor of the relationship between image and sound: a picture only, sound only, or a combination of picture and sound.
In addition, Jerold Kemp and Diane K. Dayton (in Personal, 2004:1.5) suggested the classification of media types as follows:a. print mediab. media exhibited (displayed media)c. Overhead Transparencyd. sound recordinge. sound slides and film stripsf. multi-image presentationg. video and filmh. computer-based learning (computer based learning)The term media here in terms of usage, as well as the benefits and special functions in the activities / learning process, then used the medium of learning. Learning media are all tools (aids) or objects used in teaching and learning activities, with the intent to convey a message (information) learning from the source (teacher or other source) to the recipient (in this case study students or residents).Message (information) is conveyed through the media, in the form of content or teaching materials must be received by the receiver of the message (the students), by using one or a combination of several tools of their senses. Even better yet if all that has capable of sensing devices can receive the contents of the message (Latuheru, 1988:13).In general, the presence of media emerge due to the limitations of words, time, space, and size. It added that the media serves as a means of learning that is able to convey the message as well as facilitate the recipients of the message in understanding the content of the message.
Of the several explanations of media on learning, it can be concluded that the media is a tool of learning, a variety of components or materials used in teaching and learning activities to deliver a message from its message to the recipient of the message to enable the recipient to receive a draft.B. Function and Role of the Media LearningThe presence of instructional media as a medium between the teacher as the sender information and recipient information must be communicative, especially for objects in the visualization. In learning science, especially concepts related to the universe more visually prominent, so that if one only knew the word that represents an object, but does not know the object is called verbalisme. Each medium has the privilege according to characteristics of students.Selection of appropriate media to the characteristics of successful students will further assist teachers in learning. In detail, the media function allows students to see objects that exist but difficult to see with the naked eye through the medium of drawing, portrait, slide, and the like resulted in students getting a real picture (Degeng, 1999:19).
According to Gerlach and Ely (in Arsyad, 2002:11) characterize a viable educational media used in the study are as follows:1. Fixative (fixative properties)
Learning media has the ability to record, store, preserve, and reconstruct an event / object.2. Manipulative (manipulative property)
Incident that took days can be presented to students within two or three minutes with the technique of shooting time-lapse recording.3. Distributive (distributive property)
Allows a variety of objects transported through an integrated display and simultaneously object can describe the same condition on the students with the same relative stimulus experience about the incident.From the above explanation, concluded that the use of instructional media is media that is capable of displaying a series of events actually happened in a long time and can be presented in a short time and an event described must be capable of transferring the actual state, so it does not cause the verbalisme.Teaching and learning process can work well if students interact with all the tools senses. Teachers have tried to portray the stimulus (stimulus) that can be processed by the various senses. The more sensing devices used to receive and process information, the greater the likelihood the information is understandable and can be maintained in memory of students. Students are expected to be able to receive and absorb easily and well the messages in the material presented.Student involvement in learning activities is very important, because of the kind described by Edgar Dale (in Sadiman, et al ,2003:7-8) in the classification according to level of experience from the most concrete to most abstract, in which participation, observation, and direct experience provide an enormous influence on students' learning experience received. Submission of a concept to students will be delivered properly if the concept requires that students be involved directly in it when compared with the concept that only involve the students to observe.Based on the above, then the use of instructional media is expected to provide a more concrete learning experience to students, and can increase the activeness of students in learning as an example of an interactive computer learning media.C. Theory of Media DevelopmentDevelopment of electronic communication, bringing major changes in education. One thing to avoid is the assumption that the position of teachers will be replaced by electronic devices. In the presence of electronic communication, increasing the importance of teacher attendance. The changing role of teachers and teacher functions associated with the attempt to solve one problem of education is, (1) by freeing teachers from the classroom routine that much, (2) equip teachers with the techniques of the most high-quality skills, (3) the development of presentation classes with an emphasis on personal service as much as possible in each subject, (4) develop teaching selected based on the ability of individual students. From the above explanation about the new role of teachers in education is expected to improve the quality of education, so the use of a variety of instructional media will replace the couple of teachers instructional function (Sulaeman, 1988:24-25).Development of instructional media is based on three models of development that is a model of procedural, conceptual models, and theoretical models. Procedural model is a model that is descriptive, which outlines the steps that must be followed to produce the product. Conceptual model is an analytical model that specifies the components of the product to be developed and linkages antarkomponen. While the theoretical model is a model that shows the relationship between changes in events.Based on the dikemukan above, the development of interactive computer-assisted media that developed following the procedural from the ASSURE model, in which steps should be followed by a descriptive nature that consists of 6 steps of the analysis of student characteristics, goal setting, media selection and materials, material utilization, participation of students to be active in learning, evaluation / revision. While the conceptual model of media development follows a computer-assisted learning theory proposed by Gagne behavior that is learned by man can be adjusted and modified to develop certain forms of behavior in someone, or enhance capabilities, or change his behavior (Nasution, 1988: 131), so learning media are developed based on "Programmed Instruction". In connection with the use of "Programmed Instruction" as a concept developed media, then the theory of learning appropriate to the character of "Programmed Instruction" is the theory of learned associations, stating that the relationship between stimulus and response. These relationships will be stronger if often repeated and the correct response given a compliment or other means that provide a sense of satisfaction and pleasure (Nasution, 1988: 132).
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boleh minta referensi pustakanya nggak?
irma orang mana emangnya
irma orang mana emangnya
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